The paper highlights the challenges and opportunities of integrating carbon markets within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in pursuit of carbon neutrality among its member states. The paper was presented by Michael Oshchepkov at the VI International Municipal Forum of BRICS countries in Moscow and emphasises the potential of a unified carbon credit market to enhance emissions management and stimulate green technology innovation. However, significant barriers exist, such as regulatory discrepancies, a lack of uniform standards and transparency issues. The article advocates for collaborative efforts to develop a cohesive regulatory framework necessary for overcoming these challenges. Additionally, examples like Gazprom MCS’s methane reduction project illustrate the quality of carbon credits that may strengthen the SCO’s carbon market. Overall, effective cooperation among SCO states is seen as crucial for enhancing economic ties and addressing global climate challenges.